





NETWORK WORKING GROUP                                  R.T. Braden
REQUEST FOR COMMENT NO. 448                            UCLA/CCN
NIC #13299                                             February 27, 1973
UPDATES: RFC 354, 385, 454


                           PRINT FILES IN FTP


INTRODUCTION
------------

    Many of those who contributed to the definition of the FTP and RJE
protocols have expressed varying degrees of uncertainty or unhappiness
with the "print file" type in FTP.  This RFC is intended to review the
problem of print files in preparation for the forthcoming FTP meeting.
Originally drafted on the basis of RFC 385, this RFC has been updated to
reflect the terminology of the latest FTP document 454.  (Changing the
terminology doesn't solve the problem!)

    It turns out that the Network RJE protocol as presently defined (see
NIC 12112) seems to force a particular interpretation of print files in
FTP and in fact, this interpretation is probably different from the one
assumed by most FTP implementors.

VERTICAL FORMAT CONTROL
-----------------------

    What is a print file?  Presumably it is a file which is intended to
be sent (eventually) to a printer process to create a hard copy.  Many
operating systems (particularly those which are batch-processing
oriented) allow the programmer to include control codes within a file to
be printed, to control the vertical format of the printed page--for
example, single/double line spacing, overprinting, and page ejection.  A
"print file" is one which includes such vertical format control ("VFC")
information.  There are three common ways for printer processes to
determine VFC:

CASE N:  Non-Print File
         --------------
         The file contains no VFC information.  The printer process
         applies a standard format (e.g., single space, standard
         vertical margins) if the file is printed.

CASE T:  Print File with ASCII Format Effectors
         --------------------------------------
         The file is "Telnet-like", containing the ASCII controls CR,
         LF, and FF to provide VFC.



Braden                                                          [Page 1]

RFC 448                    PRINT FILES IN FTP              February 1973


CASE A:  Print File with ASA (Fortran) VFC
         ---------------------------------
         The first character of each record is a VFC code; see RFC 454
         for the codes.

    Assuming there are to be print files in FTP, these _three_ cases
need to be considered.  These three cases are explicitly included within
the RJE protocol as "transmission" modes; we have borrowed the RJE
labels N,T, and A from NIC #12112.  The current FTP (RFC 454) seems to
provide only _two_ cases: _unformatted_ and _print_file_.  It is unclear
from RFC 454 how these two FTP formats are related to the three VFC
cases.  For example, it is unclear whether the FTP format is meant to be
a property of the file as transferred over the Network or of the file as
stored by the server.

    As I understand it, the Tenex system supports only case T.  The
distinction between Case N and Case T is not always clear, however.  If
a Tenex file which contains only the CR LF combination of format
effectors is printed, it may be considered Case N where CR LF delimits a
logical record, and where the standard format is to begin printing each
record on a new line.  The RJE protocol uses this ambiguity to
advantage; see below.

    The IBM operating systems, on the other hand, support Cases N and A.
The "output writer" process which drives the printer must know whether
or not a file to be printed contains ASA VFC, so the system
distinguishes internally between "print files" (Case A) and non-print
files (Case N).  The "print file" attribute is normally attached to a
print file when it is created.  For example, the language processors
typically create print files for their "printer" output streams.

    Hence, when CCN's server FTP executes a STOR command, it must decide
whether or not the new file is to be marked with the internal print file
attribute.  As noted earlier, FTP does not explicitly distinguish the
three possible cases.  We must either add some additional assumptions or
server-dependent information outside FTP, or we must add a new format to
FTP.

IMPLICATIONS OF RJE
-------------------

To send an output ("printer") file to a user host, the RJE server will
cause his FTP user process to send the file with the following
attributes*:


*Note:  Making the obvious conversion from RFC 385 to RFC 454
terminology.



Braden                                                          [Page 2]

RFC 448                    PRINT FILES IN FTP              February 1973


 VFC Case      |     FORMat            |     STRUcture
-------------------------------------------------------------------
  N            |     Unformatted       |     Record structure
               |     -                 |     -
  T            |     Unformatted       |     File structure
               |     -                 |     -
  A            |     Print File        |     Record structure
               |     -                 |     -

Thus, the authors of RJE intended to use the _structure_ attribute to
resolve Cases N and T.  This is perhaps a reasonable choice, but we
should understand the consequences and make them explicit within the FTP
document.

Assume for the moment that we want to maintain perfect consistency
between FTP and RJE.  An FTP server which uses ASA VFC internally should
convert _every_ (Unformatted, Unstructured) file it receives to an
internal print file!  That is, the file must be mapped into a set of
physical lines (which are really logical records internally), and an ASA
VFC character must be appended to the beginning of each line before it
is stored.  Note that this implies that the default file structure in
FTP should be changed to _record_structure_.  (This reinforces the point
made by Wayne Hathaway in RFC 414 that if a Tenex user transmits a
source file to an IBM host and expects to manipulate it in some useful
way, he'd better send it with _record_ structure.)

ANOTHER CHOICE
--------------

    If the loss of (unformatted, unstructured) as a simple default case
is too offensive, we can simply change FTP to include three formats
corresponding to Cases N, A, and T.  RJE would be changed
correspondingly.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
---------------

    Discussions with Steve Wolfe, Jon Postel, and Eric Harslem were very
helpful in clarifying the print file problem in FTP.

RTB/gjm


       [ This RFC was put into machine readable form for entry ]
       [ into the online RFC archives by Alex McKenzie with    ]
       [ support from GTE, formerly BBN Corp.             9/99 ]





Braden                                                          [Page 3]

